17. In battle, the federal government marketed old-fashioned hairstyles and you may trends for everyone the subjects; for females, quick, bowl-designed haircuts and you will loose, high-waisted monpe shorts (commonly worn in the country side) was indeed recommended since body gestures off austerity, modesty and you will home top support into overall conflict effort. To have an explanation and you will data off wartime shojo depictions within the shojo zasshi, get a hold of Imada Erika, 2007, pp. 57–83. Having definitions out of wartime trends and you may hairstyles to have mature lady, discover Wakakuwa, 2000 Wakakuwa, Midori . 2000 . Senso ga tsukuru joseizo: Dai niji sekai taisenka no Nihon josei doin no shikakuteki puropaganda, Tokyo : Chikuma gakugei bunko . [Bing College student] and you may Atkins, 2005 Atkins, Jacqueline . 2005 . “ Extravagance ‘s the opponent: Trends and materials during the wartime The japanese, within the Jacqueline Atkins ”. Inside Wear propaganda: Fabric towards the family top in the The japanese, Great britain, while the You, 1931–1945, 157 – 169 . Brand new Refuge and you may London area : Yale College or university Push . [Google Beginner] .

18. Tanabe, ‘Shojo shosetsu ni muchu datta koro’, out-of Bara no kobeya yori, reprinted inside Honda, 1991 Honda, Masuko . 1991 . “ Senjika no shojo zasshi, inside the Otsuka Eiji ”. Inside Shojo zasshi ron, Tokyo : Tokyo shoseki . [Yahoo Pupil] , pp. 36–37.

19. Tale regarding Younger Lawn, the newest translated Japanese title off Louisa Could possibly get Alcott’s Absolutely nothing Women. The name Wakakusa Monogatari is implemented if flick was found into the The japanese inside the 1934; earlier penned translations and you can adjustment from Alcott’s antique were given additional headings.

20. Other designs of shojo amusement, namely the fresh Takarazuka Revue, may also have given a design for the right kid having their sorts of the brand new danso no reijin[breathtaking girl when you look at the men dresses], the fresh otokoyaku. Takarazuka not simply grown a dedicated shojo group of followers from the wartime and you may postwar many years, but are featured frequently inside the shojo zasshi, in particular Shojo no tomo. To possess a description and historic/anthropological studies of your own Takarazuka Revue, come across Robertson, 1998 Robertson, Jennifer . 1998 . [Crossref] , [Yahoo Student] .

21. Dating back to the 1910s, educators and you may ethical supporters regarded movie theatres since breeding good reasons for the brand new furyo, or due to the fact furyo’s google search reasons for their jogakusei subjects. Some girls’ schools place rigorous criteria with the children who wished to sit-in movie theatres, otherwise prohibited attendance outright. Look for Inagaki, 2007 Inagaki, Kyoko . 2007 . Jogakko so you’re able to jogakusei: kyoyo, tashinami, modan bunka, Tokyo : Chuo koron shinsha . [Google College student] , pp. 142–forty-two.

Note: as the postcard respondent (and/or publisher) used an alternate spelling (Wakagusa as opposed to Wakakusa), the quality spelling and you will pronunciation was Wakakusa

twenty two. The brand new romantic overtones away from revealing an enthusiastic umbrella have prewar and you will early wartime precedents. Look for Kawabata Yasunari’s short-story, ‘Amagasa’ (Umbrella) regarding 1932, which has an effective romantically energized world regarding one or two youths discussing an enthusiastic umbrella. My thanks to The month of january Bardsley to possess citing this connection.

23. Look for ‘Civilizing “Degenerate” Students’, inside Ambaras, 2006 Ambaras, David . 2006 . Bad youthfulness: Juvenile delinquency and also the government off daily life inside the modern Japan, Berkeley and you will Los angeles : College out-of Ca Push . [Google Student] , pp. 66–96.

twenty four. Brand new fee alter means figures of 1946–50 instead of 1936–forty (Lunden, 1953 Lunden, Walter A good. 1953 . Juvenile delinquency during the The japanese. Pre-battle, combat, and blog post-conflict decades . The new Journal regarding Unlawful Law, Criminology, and you will Cops Research, 44(4): 428 – 432 . November-December [Crossref] , [Bing Student] , p. 430).

The sole exception on the intercourse-segregated system out-of post-number 1 studies regarding the Meiji several months toward wartime several months are the newest coeducational Tokyo Music College [Tokyo ongaku gakko]

seven. I analyse such depictions in more detail throughout the wartime section in the my personal dissertation for the shojo Irvine escort girl zasshi:‘Most of the Girl’s a stage: Representations out-of Womanliness and you may Adolescence in the Japanese Girls’ Periodicals, 1930s-1960s’ (PhD Dissertation, Stanford College or university, 2008).

sixteen. Select Inagaki, 2007 Inagaki, Kyoko . 2007 . Jogakko to help you jogakusei: kyoyo, tashinami, modan bunka, Tokyo : Chuo koron shinsha . [Yahoo Pupil] , p. 207.